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  • Cuong Dang 5:31 PM on June 10, 2010 Permalink | Reply
    Tags: , sales   

    World top pharmaceutical companies ranking in sales of 2008 

    According to Wikipedia, here are the top 3 pharmaceutical companies in sales in the world (2008).

    1-Pfizer (US)

    Short profile

    It produces Lipitor (atorvastatin, used to lower blood cholesterol); the neuropathic pain/fibromyalgia drug Lyrica (pregabalin); the oral antifungal medication Diflucan (fluconazole), the antibiotic Zithromax (azithromycin), Viagra (sildenafil) for erectile dysfunction, and the anti-inflammatory Celebrex (celecoxib) (also known as Celebra in some countries outside the USA and Canada, mainly in South America). Its headquarters are in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.

    2-GlaxoSmithKline (UK)
    GlaxoSmithKline plc (LSE: GSK NYSE: GSK) is a British pharmaceutical, biological, and healthcare company. GSK is the world’s fourth largest pharmaceutical company after Roche, Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson, by revenue[3]; and a research-based company with a wide portfolio of pharmaceutical products covering anti-infectives, central nervous system, respiratory, gastro-intestinal/metabolic, oncology, and vaccines products. It also has a Consumer Healthcare operation comprising leading oral healthcare products, nutritional drinks, and over the counter medicines. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

    3-Novartis (Switzerland)

    Novartis manufactures drugs such as clozapine (Clozaril), diclofenac (Voltaren), carbamazepine (Tegretol), valsartan (Diovan), imatinib mesylate (Gleevec / Glivec), ciclosporin (Neoral / Sandimmun), letrozole (Femara), methylphenidate (Ritalin), terbinafine (Lamisil), and others. Novartis owns Sandoz, a large manufacturer of generic drugs. The company formerly owned the Gerber Products Company, a major infant and baby products producer, but sold it to Nestlé on 1 September 2007.

    The top 15 pharmaceutical companies by 2008 sales are:

    Rank Company Sales ($M) Based/Headquartered in
    1 Pfizer 43,363 US
    2 GlaxoSmithKline 36,506 UK
    3 Novartis 36,506 Switzerland
    4 Sanofi-Aventis 35,642 France
    5 AstraZeneca 32,516 UK/Sweden
    6 Hoffmann–La Roche 30,336 Switzerland
    7 Johnson & Johnson 29,425 US
    8 Merck & Co. 26,191 US
    9 Abbott 19,466 US
    10 Eli Lilly and Company 19,140 US
    11 Amgen 15,794 US
    12 Wyeth 15,682 US
    13 Teva 15,274 Israel
    14 Bayer 15,660 Germany
    15 Takeda 13,819 Japan

    Top 10 US and Global Products of 2008 (Click on the image for larger size)

    Recommended further reading:

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pharmaceutical_companies_by_country

    Adapted from:

    1. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    2. http://pharmexec.com

     

  • Cuong Dang 2:39 PM on May 27, 2010 Permalink | Reply
    Tags: 3000-year-old rice grains, AMS   

    Accelerator mass spectrometry – and “3,000-year-old rice grains” 

    It has been come to my attention that recently, Vietnam scientist have found some “3,000-year-old rice grains”. And some of these rice grains have sprouted well.

    I am so surprised with this news and wondering that it is true or not! I hope that it is not just another “science trick”. If this discovery is true, it should be one of the greatest discovery of the year 2010.

    Now the bottom line is that how we will determine the age of these “3,000-year-old-rice grains”?

    After asked Mr. Google, I see this one, a usable method for determining the age of stuff in archeology

    Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) differs from other forms of mass spectrometry in that it accelerates ions to extraordinarily high kinetic energies before mass analysis. The special strength of AMS among the mass spectrometric methods is its power to separate a rare isotope from an abundant neighboring mass (“abundance sensitivity”, e.g. 14C from 12C).[1] The method suppresses molecular isobars completely and in many cases can separate atomic isobars (e.g. 14N from 14C) also. This makes possible the detection of naturally occurring, long-lived radio-isotopes such as 10Be, 36Cl, 26Al and 14C. Their typical isotopic abundance ranges from 10-12 to 10-18. AMS can outperform the competing technique of decay counting for all isotopes where the half life is long enough.[2]

    Applications of AMS

    The applications are many. AMS is most often employed to determine the concentration of 14C, e.g. by. Archaeologists for radiocarbon dating. An accelerator mass spectrometer is required, over other forms of mass spectrometry, because of their insufficient abundance sensitivity, and to resolve stable nitrogen-14 from radiocarbon. Due to the long half-life of 14C, decay counting requires significantly larger samples. 10Be, 26Al, and 36Cl are used for surface exposure dating in geology. 3H, 14C, 36Cl, and 129I are used as hydrological tracer.

    Accelerator mass spectrometry is widely used in biomedical research.[5][6][7]. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    Currently, there are about 180 AMS facilities in the world (Wikipedia) – and there is no one in Vietnam :(

    So now just hope that is true and wait for the analytic results coming from a foreign AMS facility.

     

  • Cuong Dang 3:47 PM on May 18, 2010 Permalink | Reply
    Tags: humanorigin   

    Human origin: African Origins? Wow Then they come to S.East Asia (inc. Vietnam ^^)? 

    I have no idea about this research, I just post it here for archiving purposes only.

    Human origin: African Origins? {Wow, then they come to S.East Asia (inc. Vietnam ^^)}

    Read more at:

     

  • Cuong Dang 10:25 AM on May 17, 2010 Permalink | Reply
    Tags: freedom, IT, women   

    IT makes us feel more freedom and improves overall well-being 

    A research which is based on data collected from more than 35,000 survey respondents across the globe from BCS shows that:

    • People around the world think that IT (i.e. Internet access) increases their sense of freedom by 15% and improves their overall well-being. Altogether, our life satisfaction increases by 10% when we have IT access, the study, from UK research firm BCS suggests, concludes.
    • Benefit most from IT access are:
    1. Women
    2. Individuals in lower income households and those with less education.

    Because “IT helps to promote and enable empowerment and autonomy.” For women specifically it serves as an important “social and family network support tool.”

    For further information, read the BCS’s report:
    Info Dividend 1
    Adapted from:

    http://mashable.com/2010/05/14/it-and-happiness/" target="_blank">The Web Makes the World Happier [STUDY]

     

  • Cuong Dang 4:11 PM on May 14, 2010 Permalink | Reply
    Tags: BOINC, SETI@home   

    SETI@home and BOINC: compute for science 

    BOINC is a program that lets you donate your idle computer time to science projects like SETI@home, Climateprediction.net, Rosetta@home, World Community Grid, and many others.

    What is SETI@home?
    SETI@home is a scientific experiment that uses Internet-connected computers in the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI). You can participate by running a free program that downloads and analyzes radio telescope data.

    Read more about SETI@home: http://setiathome.berkeley.edu/


    After installing BOINC on your computer, you can connect it to as many of these projects as you like.

    You may run this software on a computer only if you own the computer or have the permission of its owner.

    Download BOINC client software

    http://boinc.berkeley.edu/download_all.php

    Read more:

    http://setiathome.berkeley.edu/

    http://boinc.berkeley.edu/

     

  • Cuong Dang 6:33 PM on May 11, 2010 Permalink | Reply
    Tags: ul-de-sacs   

    The negative effects of cul-de-sacs – air pollution, fuel use, and body mass index. 

    A cul-de-sac (literally “bottom of the bag”) is a word of French origin referring to a dead end, close, no through road (UK English) or court (American and Australian English) meaning dead-end street with only one inlet/outlet. While historically built for other reasons, its modern use is to calm vehicle traffic.  – From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    A research of Lawrence Frank on the effects of cul-de-sacs in neighbourhoods in King County, Washington, found that:

    Residents in areas with the most interconnected streets travel 26% fewer vehicle miles than those in areas with many cul-de-sacs.

    Meanwhile, recent studies by Frank and others show that the higher a neighborhood’s overall walkability, the greater the amount of walking and biking— which means a drop in per capita air pollution, fuel use, and body mass index.

    • Cul-de-sacs inherently encourages car use, even for the shortest trips.
    • It limits the growth of communities and transportation options.

    Cul-de-sacs increase safety because they limit traffic. WHY?

    • The more empty and desolate a suburban (and often affluent) street is, the more likely crime is to occur. Also, it’s much harder for emergency vehicles to reach these homes if they’re sequestered in the belly of a web of disconnected dead-ends.
    Images and mapping courtesy of Urban Design 4 Health
    Adapted from:
    The Unintended Consequences of Cul-de-sacs
    How Cul-de-Sacs Are Killing Your Community

     

  • Cuong Dang 11:17 AM on May 11, 2010 Permalink | Reply
    Tags: children’s fears of doctors,   

    Creative – to alleviate children’s fears of doctors and medical facilities. 

    To alleviate children’s fears of doctors

    A LITTLE TLC: Leonie, left, and a medical student “operated” on a stuffed animal at the “Teddy Bear Hospital” of the Virchow Clinical Centre in Berlin Monday. The “hospital” is meant to alleviate children’s fears of doctors and medical facilities. (Timur Emek/Agence France-Presse/Getty Images)

     

  • Cuong Dang 11:08 AM on May 11, 2010 Permalink | Reply
    Tags: beach, concentration, distraction, privacy, sound   

    The sound of the ocean helps your privacy on the beach and your Office? 

    The sound of the ocean creates privacy on the beach

    Think of the ocean. On the beach the sound of the surf and the wind help create a certain degree of sonic privacy. You can still talk to people near you, but you aren’t dealing with as much distraction from the conversation of people sitting nearby. Even though the ocean is making quite a bit of noise, it isn’t a distraction.

    Most people don’t realise how much distractions cost them. If your job involves anything beyond very mundane work, it is impossible to jump right back into where you left off once something breaks your concentration. Even for very average work, it will often take 10 to 15 minutes to get back to your full level of concentration. That means if you make $20 per hour, every interruption costs you around $5 in work value. Yes, I know you probably still get paid–even when you are interrupted, but your output is often what will determine your raises and promotion, so interruptions of your concentration do eventually cost you money.

    Via

    SO CAN IT really HELP YOU CONCENTRATE better if you listen to the “OCEANIC SOUND” while you are working in YOUR OFFICE or WORKPLACE?

     

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